Indigenous Mexicans at the US Mexican Border - Chapter 5
This chapter offers a glimpse of the resiliency among Mexican migrants and their deep connection to their homeland and is a great representation of Mexican migrants establishing themselves within the United States as proud and supportive of their home country.
FIOB: the Oaxacan Indigenous Binational Front
Post-national citizenship
Challenges widely held stereotypes of Mexican migrants and has transformed the local community and paved the way for immigrant inclusion in social order and to represent diversity.
Organizes activities to celebrate indigenous interests.
Represents peopel who have migrated from the Mexican state of Oaxaca
Although these people have migrated to the states, they are still contributing to the Mexican nation by defending it's political and economic sovereignty.
In 1938 the Mexican's in the US were highly supportive of a movement for oil expropriation by the Mexican government, a gesture that was seen as the ultimate expression of mexican sovereignty. These migrants even sent back financial support.
Immigrants from Oaxaca State who live in Fresno, Calidornia.
Fresno = San Juaquin Valley, the most important agricultural region of the US and home to a large number of Mexican immigrants
Many of these migrants are people who do not represent the normal migration process. They are not fleeing their countries and cultures but are moving north in order to seek employment or to protect their personal safety in times of political change.
Example of Benito Juarez
Had been the governor of Oaxaca and the director of the Oaxaca Institute for Science and Arts. During a political restructure he was banished and exiled to New Orleans without money or knowledge of the English language. While in New Orleans he worked in a cigar factory but kept in contact with a circle of other migrants. Together they worked to improve their living situation in New Orleans
This also draw attention again to the multiple roles that immigrants take on in their daily lives. Not only are they fighting against subordination because of race and class, trying to find employment to support themselves and families and also remain active in the political struggles of their homeland.
Here she questions “How many women and children are in similar situation and struggle daily to improve themselves? How many migrants are forced to carry out multiple and contrasting social roles so as to allow their personal aspiration to coincide with the material needs the must be addressed on a day-to-day basis?
Local Context
Situates us a bit in the Fresno area
· In 2000 the Fresno area had a population of almost 1,000,000 people.
o 44% were Latino’s
o 37.8% were of Mexican descent
Political involvement has been a contentious topic in these areas for a long time. Consider this.. in the 1970's there was a town just south of Fresno called Parlier. 85% of the population were Latino or Mexican. These people did not have the right to vote and a small population of white farmers controlled the government. This was overthrown in 1972 when students from the Fresno Campus o California State University launched a campaign to take over the government
Lack of political representation effects many areas including Madera. This ack of representation has many implications
Deterioration of public services – expecially education.
The Madera School District continually reported a lack of classrooms and other services with a growing population of predominantly Mexican students.
In 2002 the government issued a $46 million bond for educational projects and as the law states, a commission was created to oversee the use of the funds. This commission was comprised of solely white citizens.
On a more positive note, Political engagement has been more successful in Fresno and has resulted in successful relationships with FIOB to pursue initiatives such as the Casa San Miguel housing project which provided housing for over 50 families.
Another success of FIOB in reaffirming the Oaxaqueno Identity is in their annual guelguetza.
The guelguetza is a oaxacan celebration from pre-Columbian times and now occurs in Oaxaca City as well as regions in the
US with a high population of Oaxacans.
This celebrations is an important elemnt in strengthening their links with their home state.
“The Guelguetza creates an environment in which migrants can leave the concerns and worries behind and, in a pan-thnic collective, unite to enjoy the culture that brings them together”
Civic Participation Project
This project recognizing outstanding activists in the community and brings them into communities and schools to provide training workshops pm the organizationand practice in schools, organization and practice in the local governments and the importance of different forms of civic participation.
For example, one workshopdeals with organization with the schools and the rights one has as a parent.
Pne story that surfaced was of an Oaxacan mother who’s daughter was getting harassed in the school. First the mother told her daughter to talk to the teacher who did nothing. She then suggested that her daughter defend herself. She did and ended up getting harassed. Workshops provided by FIOB equip parents with the tools and resources that they need to properly exercise their rights.
In conclusion I find this chapeter to provide one of the most hopeful outlooks than many other readins that we have done. FIOB is empowering Oaxacan migrants and encouraging them to take part in the politics that ultimately will affect their lives.
Do you think that articles such as this one that show positive views are as effective in creating social change? Or do we need
Tuesday, November 30, 2010
Tuesday, November 16, 2010
Climate Justice...
Another example of our northern and mostly indigenous populations experiencing climate change..
http://www.cbc.ca/canada/north/story/2010/11/16/arctic-security-conference-board.html
http://www.cbc.ca/canada/north/story/2010/11/16/arctic-security-conference-board.html
Monday, November 15, 2010
Hawaiian at Heart
History of Hawai'i
On January 18, 1778, Captain Cook stumbled upon the Hawaiian Islands on his way to discover the Northwest Passage. It was on this trip that he first documented surfing after seeing the natives “riding the ocean's waves on wooden boards.” What he also noticed about the Hawai'i was the prime agricultural area for growing sugar cane. Because of this Americans, Europeans as well as Asians began imigrating to Hawaii and build plantations.
Over the next 50 years people continued to flow into Hawaii. The American missionaries became a strong social group, influencing and reshaping social mores and behaviors of the time. With them they brought Christian and Protestant priests. Christianity increasingly becoming an influential religion in the Hawaiian Islands. The immigration of foreigners also brought diseases that the Hawaiians were not able to fight off. Their population plumetted.
The population of Hawaii continued to grow with many america and europeans building their own lives within the nation. The colonisation of Hawaiian people continued and was not friendly. Hawaiian people fought for their sovereignty. One of the most violent incidences occured in 1843 when Lord Paulet entered the Honolulu Harbour and demanded that King Kamehameha cede teh Hawaiian Islands to the British Crown. Using guns and other weapons the King stepped down. Later that year, Paulet's commanding officer returned to Hawaii and reinstated the Hawaiian monarchy.
Recognizing Hawaiian sovereignty, the American's were paying tariffs on sugar cane that they were exporting. In 1875 the American's and Hawaiian's signed a free-trade treaty allowing the Americans to export as much as they wanted. This of course imposed stress on resources and fueled more violent protest.
In 1887 another rebellion broke out, apparently because of an opium scandal. This opened the doors for other groups living in Hawaii to voice their own unhapiness and through countless political movements the monarchy lost much of its power.
In 1893 Queen Lili`uokalani recieved petitions from her subjects asking to reqrite the constitution and restore the monarchy's power. She did.
Another group, made up of europeans and americans formed the “comittee of safety” and there purpose was to try and find peace among those living in Hawaii. Queen Lili`uokalani yielded her throne, under protest, in order to avoid bloodshed, trusting that the United States government would right the wrong that had been done to her and the Hawaiian people.
Summary
To others, Hawaii seems like a place of whimsical beauty and freedom. We are now able to purchace Hawaiian culture in the form of dress, music and hula, but to some this is not enough, they want to BE Hawaiian. This sparks interest in the Hawaiian language, music and art which is not bad. Imagine how different Canada might be if more of us were interested in Aboriginal languages. However, these people who are interested in Hawaii are because of marketing products. They are not interessted in the land, the oceanography, fishing, farming or other things that define Hawaiian culture.
Taking a step back to the definition of Hawaiians , we have the concept of the Hawaiian geneology. Hawaiian identity lies in relation to “aumakua” (ancestral spirit), “aina” (land) and “kanaka” (other Hawaiians). The people care for the land, and thus the land cares for them. Their relations to others explains where they came from. And they do not understand the notion of “part” whatever or “half” whatever. They are Hawaiians.
She kind of makes fun of the way American's boast that “their grandmother was a Cherokee” and says that statements like that would not fly in Hawaii. If your family is truly Hawaiian there will always be someone who knows you, or your family. People attempt to claim Hawaiian as their identity because they fall in love with the idea of Hawaii that has been sold to them. Many Samoans and Phillipino people seek refuge as Hawaiians because to most, being hawaiian carries no history of pain or loss.
Discussion
What is apparent is that there is a huge disconnect between true-Hawaiians and those who wish to live the Hawaiian dream. These are people who are actively seeking education in Hawaiian language and culture. On page 410 she says “Often Hawaiians are misread as uninterested or resistant to learning when they do not fully participate in Hawaiian education, but the reality is that all contemporary Hawaiians come from a pat where out parents, grandparents or great grandparents use of Hawaiian language and culture was forbidden, legislated against or brutally punished.”
It's almost impossible to compare native-Hawaiians with native-Americans. Hawaiians were not the “first people” on North American land, the Hawaiians were another nation completely unto their own. They were slowly pushed out of their home until it seems the had no choice but to hand it over to the Americans for the sake of peace.
What I see as the difference in Native and American cultures is the disconnect between the definition of land and power. The native Hawaiians were connected to the land and to their relatives. When American's wanted to take power away fromt he monarchy Hawaiians gave in to save their land and people from the violence that they forsaw happening. What happened was an American imposition of tourist culture and an erasure and suppressed notion of true-Hawaii.
In preparing for this seminar I was searching hard for videos, articles and website that could help me to understand the history of colonisation in Hawaii. It was hard. Even on google.
On January 18, 1778, Captain Cook stumbled upon the Hawaiian Islands on his way to discover the Northwest Passage. It was on this trip that he first documented surfing after seeing the natives “riding the ocean's waves on wooden boards.” What he also noticed about the Hawai'i was the prime agricultural area for growing sugar cane. Because of this Americans, Europeans as well as Asians began imigrating to Hawaii and build plantations.
Over the next 50 years people continued to flow into Hawaii. The American missionaries became a strong social group, influencing and reshaping social mores and behaviors of the time. With them they brought Christian and Protestant priests. Christianity increasingly becoming an influential religion in the Hawaiian Islands. The immigration of foreigners also brought diseases that the Hawaiians were not able to fight off. Their population plumetted.
The population of Hawaii continued to grow with many america and europeans building their own lives within the nation. The colonisation of Hawaiian people continued and was not friendly. Hawaiian people fought for their sovereignty. One of the most violent incidences occured in 1843 when Lord Paulet entered the Honolulu Harbour and demanded that King Kamehameha cede teh Hawaiian Islands to the British Crown. Using guns and other weapons the King stepped down. Later that year, Paulet's commanding officer returned to Hawaii and reinstated the Hawaiian monarchy.
Recognizing Hawaiian sovereignty, the American's were paying tariffs on sugar cane that they were exporting. In 1875 the American's and Hawaiian's signed a free-trade treaty allowing the Americans to export as much as they wanted. This of course imposed stress on resources and fueled more violent protest.
In 1887 another rebellion broke out, apparently because of an opium scandal. This opened the doors for other groups living in Hawaii to voice their own unhapiness and through countless political movements the monarchy lost much of its power.
In 1893 Queen Lili`uokalani recieved petitions from her subjects asking to reqrite the constitution and restore the monarchy's power. She did.
Another group, made up of europeans and americans formed the “comittee of safety” and there purpose was to try and find peace among those living in Hawaii. Queen Lili`uokalani yielded her throne, under protest, in order to avoid bloodshed, trusting that the United States government would right the wrong that had been done to her and the Hawaiian people.
Summary
To others, Hawaii seems like a place of whimsical beauty and freedom. We are now able to purchace Hawaiian culture in the form of dress, music and hula, but to some this is not enough, they want to BE Hawaiian. This sparks interest in the Hawaiian language, music and art which is not bad. Imagine how different Canada might be if more of us were interested in Aboriginal languages. However, these people who are interested in Hawaii are because of marketing products. They are not interessted in the land, the oceanography, fishing, farming or other things that define Hawaiian culture.
Taking a step back to the definition of Hawaiians , we have the concept of the Hawaiian geneology. Hawaiian identity lies in relation to “aumakua” (ancestral spirit), “aina” (land) and “kanaka” (other Hawaiians). The people care for the land, and thus the land cares for them. Their relations to others explains where they came from. And they do not understand the notion of “part” whatever or “half” whatever. They are Hawaiians.
She kind of makes fun of the way American's boast that “their grandmother was a Cherokee” and says that statements like that would not fly in Hawaii. If your family is truly Hawaiian there will always be someone who knows you, or your family. People attempt to claim Hawaiian as their identity because they fall in love with the idea of Hawaii that has been sold to them. Many Samoans and Phillipino people seek refuge as Hawaiians because to most, being hawaiian carries no history of pain or loss.
Discussion
What is apparent is that there is a huge disconnect between true-Hawaiians and those who wish to live the Hawaiian dream. These are people who are actively seeking education in Hawaiian language and culture. On page 410 she says “Often Hawaiians are misread as uninterested or resistant to learning when they do not fully participate in Hawaiian education, but the reality is that all contemporary Hawaiians come from a pat where out parents, grandparents or great grandparents use of Hawaiian language and culture was forbidden, legislated against or brutally punished.”
It's almost impossible to compare native-Hawaiians with native-Americans. Hawaiians were not the “first people” on North American land, the Hawaiians were another nation completely unto their own. They were slowly pushed out of their home until it seems the had no choice but to hand it over to the Americans for the sake of peace.
What I see as the difference in Native and American cultures is the disconnect between the definition of land and power. The native Hawaiians were connected to the land and to their relatives. When American's wanted to take power away fromt he monarchy Hawaiians gave in to save their land and people from the violence that they forsaw happening. What happened was an American imposition of tourist culture and an erasure and suppressed notion of true-Hawaii.
In preparing for this seminar I was searching hard for videos, articles and website that could help me to understand the history of colonisation in Hawaii. It was hard. Even on google.
Tuesday, November 9, 2010
Women & Change at the US Mexico Border
Chapter 1
Women at the US-Mexico border are portayed as active agents in influencing the world around them as apposed to passive participants. This book explores womens experiences and their stories in order to unpack the multitude of cultures, traditions and beliefs of communities on both the American and Mexican side. The political border has many implications in the lives of these communities after the NAFTA agreement was signed and the border became highly important to both nations. It is important to note that those living north of the border are among the lowest-income American's and those living south of the border are at the top of the income scale for Mexicans. Reduced spending on social programs from both countries placed more stress on the impoverished families and created a higher demand for womens unpaid labour.
Chapter 2
Immigration is a stable of globalization and indigenous communities in Mexico are no different from the rest of the world. Maier discusses the positive and negative implications that immigration has had on the lives on Mexican women. Indigenous Mexican women now have higher access to education and greater political rights however the periodic or continuous absence of men in the family structure has resulted in higher responsibilities for women and long, labourous days reducing their ability for political movement.
Chapter 3
As more women are articipating in the work force mobility to and from work has had positive and negative implications. Many women still maintain traditional domestic roles while working in or outside of the home which adds to their physical and emotional stress. Some women give up the benefits of working outside the home as it does notoutweight the negatives for dealing with arranging childcare and ride shares with family and friends. Women who do have access to a vehicle often take on my responsibilities to drive friends and family around and face more time constraints added on to their daily routines.
Chapter 4
Until abortions were legalized in the United States the pattern of migration for abortion was North-South across the border where women were administered abortions in illegal, “clandenstine” establishments. Since then American women has stopped travelling south, however the only Mexican women who are able to take advantage of legalized, safe abortions are women that have the money, information and means to cross the border. This study showed the differences in values between women assimilated in each culture. Those hispanic women on the American side have the highest number of abortions early in life, and less after the age of 30. Women south of the border have the lowest number of young abortions, the number rises after the age of 30.
Chapter 5
The “feminization” of labour can relate to the increasing number of women in the workforce relative to men, but also to the degradation of labour conditions and economy. When introduced, the maquiadora program was intended to creat opportunities for women to enter the workforce but recent trends have shown a shift to hiring women, to the point where omen made up only 48% of the work force. This shift has been attributed to continuing the subortination of women by excluding them from economic opportunities and training.
Chapter 6
“Autonomy and power go hand in hand” and the exclusion of women in the maquiadora trade is one way the state continues to remove womens autonomy. The systems currently in place repress low-income hispanic women through cultural and religious norms that maintain the women's role in housekeeping and child-bearing yet still require them to earn an income. Through interviews with women Bergareche discusses the importance of womens autonomy in resisting violence and how emplyment can offer women support by social and economic means.
Chapter 7
Migration and womens representation in the labour force come together in this chapter where we explore the double standard of women in the workforce with children. The gender division of labour which requires women to work for the socia reproduction of their families does not allow for much support from the state and therefor must look to other sources for help within the household. Higher-income families may be able to hire help, the low-income women must rely on the help of family and friends.
Women at the US-Mexico border are portayed as active agents in influencing the world around them as apposed to passive participants. This book explores womens experiences and their stories in order to unpack the multitude of cultures, traditions and beliefs of communities on both the American and Mexican side. The political border has many implications in the lives of these communities after the NAFTA agreement was signed and the border became highly important to both nations. It is important to note that those living north of the border are among the lowest-income American's and those living south of the border are at the top of the income scale for Mexicans. Reduced spending on social programs from both countries placed more stress on the impoverished families and created a higher demand for womens unpaid labour.
Chapter 2
Immigration is a stable of globalization and indigenous communities in Mexico are no different from the rest of the world. Maier discusses the positive and negative implications that immigration has had on the lives on Mexican women. Indigenous Mexican women now have higher access to education and greater political rights however the periodic or continuous absence of men in the family structure has resulted in higher responsibilities for women and long, labourous days reducing their ability for political movement.
Chapter 3
As more women are articipating in the work force mobility to and from work has had positive and negative implications. Many women still maintain traditional domestic roles while working in or outside of the home which adds to their physical and emotional stress. Some women give up the benefits of working outside the home as it does notoutweight the negatives for dealing with arranging childcare and ride shares with family and friends. Women who do have access to a vehicle often take on my responsibilities to drive friends and family around and face more time constraints added on to their daily routines.
Chapter 4
Until abortions were legalized in the United States the pattern of migration for abortion was North-South across the border where women were administered abortions in illegal, “clandenstine” establishments. Since then American women has stopped travelling south, however the only Mexican women who are able to take advantage of legalized, safe abortions are women that have the money, information and means to cross the border. This study showed the differences in values between women assimilated in each culture. Those hispanic women on the American side have the highest number of abortions early in life, and less after the age of 30. Women south of the border have the lowest number of young abortions, the number rises after the age of 30.
Chapter 5
The “feminization” of labour can relate to the increasing number of women in the workforce relative to men, but also to the degradation of labour conditions and economy. When introduced, the maquiadora program was intended to creat opportunities for women to enter the workforce but recent trends have shown a shift to hiring women, to the point where omen made up only 48% of the work force. This shift has been attributed to continuing the subortination of women by excluding them from economic opportunities and training.
Chapter 6
“Autonomy and power go hand in hand” and the exclusion of women in the maquiadora trade is one way the state continues to remove womens autonomy. The systems currently in place repress low-income hispanic women through cultural and religious norms that maintain the women's role in housekeeping and child-bearing yet still require them to earn an income. Through interviews with women Bergareche discusses the importance of womens autonomy in resisting violence and how emplyment can offer women support by social and economic means.
Chapter 7
Migration and womens representation in the labour force come together in this chapter where we explore the double standard of women in the workforce with children. The gender division of labour which requires women to work for the socia reproduction of their families does not allow for much support from the state and therefor must look to other sources for help within the household. Higher-income families may be able to hire help, the low-income women must rely on the help of family and friends.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)